A long black is a style of coffee, most commonly found in New Zealand and Australia, but now becoming available in the UK, predominantly in London. It is made by pulling a double-shot of espresso over hot water (usually the water is also heated by the espresso machine). A long black is similar to an Americano, which is made by adding hot water to espresso shots, but it retains the crema and is less voluminous, therefore more strongly flavoured.
A long black is considered by the emerging palates[who?] to be a true espresso experience rather than what the major coffee chains have produced up to date, specifically the Americano. The order in which a long black is made (water first, espresso second) is important; reversing the steps will destroy the crema from the espresso shots.
Short black is an Australasian synonym for the basic espresso.
Lungo
Lungo is Italian for 'long', and refers to the coffee beverage made by using an espresso machine to make an espresso (single or double dose or shot) with much more water (generally twice as much), resulting in a stretched espresso, a lungo. A normal espresso takes from 18 up to 30 seconds to pull, and fills 25 to 30 millilitres, while a lungo may take up to a minute to pull, and might fill 50 to 60 millilitres.In French it is called café allongé
Red eye
A red eye is a fortified coffee drinks in which espresso is combined with normal drip coffee. It is known by various names, some of which refer to different variants.
Drip coffee to which espresso is added may be called a red eye, black eye, or dead eye, accordingly as one, two, or three shots are added.
Traditionally, these drinks were referred to as "Black Eye" with 2 added shot of espresso or "red eye" with 1 added shots of espresso. While "black eye" was named for the appearance of the circular black marking caused by pouring the shot on the top of the cup of coffee with cream, the "red eye" was named for the extra added zip needed to stay awake through a "red eye" flight from the West Coast to New York. "Dead eye" is partly rhyme, partly "raise the dead".
It may also be referred to as a Canadiano, particularly if the drip coffee is added to the espresso (rather than espresso to the drip), punning on an Americano, which is hot water added to espresso.
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_coffee_beverages#Cafe_Americano
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